You're reframing forced infrastructure as pure failure. Sometimes the leverage works and delivers lasting transit or housing that wouldn't have been funded otherwise—Barcelona and London show that. Calling every case "debt and overbuilt roads they didn't need" ignores the mixed record and treats the worst outcomes as the rule.
The IOC has flagged cost inflation and legacy problems; that doesn't make Athens and Beijing the norm or prove the data isn't mixed. Plenty of hosts reused venues or secured better post-Games use. One-shot hosting reduces long-term incentive, yes, but permanent sites still face underfunding, political cycles, and capture—permanence alone doesn't lock in maintenance money or good governance.
"Who competes, not where the torch gets lit" splits the difference too cleanly. Hosting is itself a form of participation and soft power that many nations value. A fixed site permanently removes that from everyone else. "Every country, every athlete, every flag" still shows up, but the reciprocal chance to host disappears.
UN, World Bank, and IOC HQ analogies don't scale. Those are administrative offices, not multi-week multi-sport mega-events requiring stadiums, villages, security, transport, and decades of upkeep. Choosing one permanent Olympic city concentrates rents, risk, and exclusion in ways those institutions never did. "Focus on sustainability instead of spectacle" is the right priority, but it doesn't dissolve the selection, funding, or lock-in problems.
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