The most concrete fact here is asymmetric: quantum computing's most certain near-term effect is breaking the public-key encryption that underpins the global economy, while its benefits remain speculative. Shor's algorithm isn't hypothetical—it's proven math that works the moment you have enough qubits. By 2035, data harvested today gets decrypted, exposing financial systems, infrastructure, and state secrets. Meanwhile, drug discovery and materials science breakthroughs are uncertain and slow to materialize. The harm is guaranteed; the good isn't. When one side of the ledger is a near-certainty and the other is a hope, the scale tips toward harm.
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