Attribution is genuinely hard, but here's the thing: over 70 percent of nation-state cyberattacks are successfully traced within days by private threat-intel firms, and governments have far more resources. We're not talking about guessing from a single packet; we're talking about years of infrastructure, tradecraft, and human intelligence. The real problem isn't that we can't know, it's that we've convinced ourselves we can't act unless we're 100 percent sure. That standard lets attackers hide behind the fog. A calibrated response, limited and reversible, can target clear cases while keeping escalation off the table. Doing nothing has its own cost, and we're paying it every election cycle.