Imagine a US senator from a state of 600,000 people single-handedly killing a healthcare bill that 300 million want. That senator is elected, sure, but the strategic payoff for obstruction is huge. Now imagine a Canadian senator, appointed for life, defying an elected Commons on a confidence vote. The consequence isn't gridlock, it's an election, and the senator's own legitimacy gets shredded. That changes the game. In the US, every veto point is a prisoner's dilemma where defection pays. In Canada, the confidence mechanism flips the incentive: the stable equilibrium is deference, not obstruction. So yes, one unelected chamber that rarely acts is still more democratic than a fully elected one built to block everything.