Here's where the other side's ROI math goes wrong: it counts papers, not capability. Telescopes are brilliant, and I'll grant JWST transformed cosmology. But crewed spaceflight forces closed-loop life support, water recycling, solar power, and lightweight materials. Those spill into green tech and climate resilience, which telescopes don't. NASA spinoffs are thousands of products, many energy and environmental. A discovery is valuable, but a technology that cuts emissions and waste compounds. Public inspiration keeps all science funded. So telescopes aren't the better investment, crewed spaceflight is the engine.