Tipping is a subjective act. Meaning, each person determines what is deserved or not according to their preferences. Making "tipping" a mandatory exercise creates 2 big problems. First, it devalues people's free will to choose what deserves tipping if it's mandatory. Second, it confuses what's objectively good or bad. Not getting what you officially ordered from the official menu is objectively bad. Hence, the police can get involved because a company broke the law. Subjective good or bad service can't be objectively judged by the law. Therefore, it can't be mandatory. If a customer doesn't want to tip because of their preference and the restaurant thinks they should because of their preference, then the law or police can't do anything about it. In conclusion, tipping being considered "mandatory" or "expected" can only lead to chaos because it's subjective. Not to mention, introducing my next objection, restaurant owners using "expected tips" to pay their employees less.

No, you haven't proved that the wages drop because of "no tipping" or that they would drop. In fact, the opposite is true. I can very easily point to the fact that, on average, the base wage of USA waiters is lower compared with some EU countries, Japan, and others I'm familiar with that don't require tipping. The reason being USA restaurant owners include the tips has their "wage" because it's a "tipping culture". In the cases I'm referring to, the tips aren't included in the waiter's "wages". They're considered correctly to be an extra for the "extra" effort the customers willingly choose to give. Disregarding all of this. This is the main point. A restaurant is just a company that provides products and services, just as any other. People pay X company for Y services and/or products. People subjectively deciding or feeling or using their free will to tip after paying for the Y is up to them. No one has the right to deny this. The problem lies in expecting or demanding this "extra subjective payment", aka tip. If people are choosing to tip after paying X for Y, it doesn't mean the tip now is reasonably expected. A doesn't follow B; it's illogical. To further prove this, no other industry or market "suffers" from this "tipping issue". If people are tipping, then the prices might be too low and need increasing, but that's not the problem.

The USA is a bad example to draw examples or studies from. For the simple reason it's the only place on earth where this "tipping culture" is widely accepted. Not even going into examples like Japan, where tips are actually rejected. The rest of the world functions on the basis of going to a restaurant or bar or company for Y and expecting to pay X, and if and only if any tipping is done is when the customer subjectively decides the Y offered is of greater value than the X costed. This is very simple, completely normal, logical, rational, and moral. Restaurants or bars are just companies selling X products and/or services for Y monetary value. It's an established objective value exchange. Now there are problems with the "established objective value exchange", obviously, for example, how ethically or legally companies produce X, how fairly they pay their employees, or even how incorrectly they choose the Y cost, etc. But this is all irrelevant to the issue. Tipping is an extra and optional. It's nonrequired funds, monetary gratitude, etc. However you want to describe it, it's outside the lawful established Y. The impetus for tipping only comes from the buyer or customer; otherwise, it would be the Y cost. Therefore, to conclude, this USA "tipping culture" can only be an emotionally charged or misleading way to add a "service fee" with another more "palatable" name. "Tipping" is fundamentally contradictory with anything expected. Voluntary work, for example, isn't voluntary when it's expected in any way. Referring directly to the problems of "expecting tips": 1. There's no consensus on what's "better waiter service". For example, some people don't like uncalled-for attention from waiters, and others do; some like talkative waiters, and others don't, etc. 2. Restaurant owners can leverage their employee wages with this "tipping culture". This is immediately a non-issue without this "expected tipping". 3. This "tipping culture" opens the door to taxation. Then what's the difference from a wage? Getting taxed even more times?