Picture a mid-sized city where the hospital, the school system, and the housing supply all get planned on last year's numbers, while arrivals run 40 percent higher. The waiting lists grow, rents climb, and nobody in government ever chose that outcome. That's the case for a hard ceiling: it forces a deliberate decision instead of a drift. I'd concede the other side's best point, that immigration brings energy and workers a shrinking society needs. But a fixed number doesn't mean zero, and every earlier era of mass migration ran into some kind of limit eventually. The question is whether we set it on purpose or let it set itself.